3d Health

Psychology is a very large area of study and there are constantly new advances being made with regards to solving the problems that many of us face. To let other psychologists see and understand the various new strides that have been made in their field of study there are large numbers of psychological journal articles that you can read.

These psychological journal articles can be found in the various journals and magazines that deal with psychology. Sometimes these journals will feature the work of famous psychologists. Reading these psychological journal articles will keep you up to date with all of the occurrences in the field of psychology. You will be able to see how other psychologists deal with situations that could be similar to what you are experiencing.

You will also be able to find information that could be helpful if you have to deal with a client who refuses to cooperate. The many psychological journal articles that can be found in the various issues of psychology magazines will give you lots of information. You can also find various psychological journal articles that have interesting theories that have yet to be verified.

Since these theories have not yet been completed you can use the time that you have free to research and see if these psychological journal articles can give you more accurate information. As these psychological theories in the various psychological journal articles have yet to be completed they will provide you with an understanding of how such theories are developed.

This type of information is vital for the new student of psychology. The data that can be found in the psychology journal articles can help the psychology student understand how their field of study is related with human behavior. The interactions that are displayed by people in various situations are generally documented and written in some of these psychology journal articles.

The main bulk of psychology journal articles deal with various issues that psychologists are interested in. It is to these that a novice psychologist should refer to when they are trying to figure out why certain people react the way that they do. While the information is not fully stated it will be possible for the psychology student to use these ideas as a springboard into developing their own theories about people.

As the wealth of information that is in these psychology journal articles increases so too does the understanding of humanity. These psychology journal articles just provide us with a small glimpse into the human psyche.

When we see colors, we connect with them instantly on a subliminal level. No one can be sure if our reactions are the result of our very human nature or if they are shaped by our socialization, but the reactions are very real. The human mind is hardwired to respond to color.

Marketing experts know about that powerful connection between consumers and color. They’ve done a great deal of research using carefully controlled experiments and have decided that color does have a big role in forming people’s perceptions of products and logos. That research is confirmed by real world actions, too. Companies have found that changing a logo’s color scheme even a little bit can have a giant impact on sales.

When we see colors, we react right away. It happens faster than we can read a single word. In fact, the mind makes color connections and forms opinions before the conscious mind even knows what we are looking at!

A logo is the most repeated and frequently displayed symbol of your business. It’s on your letterhead, your website, business cards, products and more. It’s your “brand” and it’s an inseparable part of your business.

When you think about how important your logo is and consider the power of colors, it’s pretty obvious that color psychology should be a big part of logo design. If you overlook the color choices in your logo, you might be “turning off” possible customers instead of attracting new buyers.

Using color psychology to your advantage isn’t easy. You can look at a simple chart that lists common colors and explains what they tend to represent—one is even included with this article just to give you some ideas. Doing that, however, really only scratches the surface of what color psychology is all about.

An effective logo designer will go beyond those simple color connections. He or she can take that information and combine it with knowledge of negative color connotations. A logo design specialist will also understand how people react to different combinations of colors and will be able to merge the messages of color psychology with great design skills. The result will be a logo that is both memorable and optimized for color use.

Today, many of us are in love with the “do it yourself” plan. We think that if we do a little research and work hard, we can do things just as effectively as can a professional. That might be true in some cases, but logo design is a perfect example of when we really need an expert’s help.

Logo experts understand design. They recognize the power of various forms and can create logos that communicate the nature of a company instantly. They have special skills and knowledge that helps them produce winning logos that look a lot better than our amateur creations.

The wise use of color psychology is a perfect example of how the talents and knowledge of a professional logo creator can make a lot of difference. A good designer will know how to choose colors to communicate a client’s message effectively without risking the mistakes “do it yourselfers” often commit.

If you are in the market for a logo, consult with a talented logo expert who can use the science of color psychology to your advantage!

Color Psychology Basics

Here are some of the most frequently used colors and the positive messages they communicate. As noted, this basic chart isn’t comprehensive. It doesn’t list negative associations and it doesn’t discuss the best ways to combine colors. However, it is an interesting introduction to color psychology

BLACK: Mystery, secrecy, tradition.

BLUE: Power, calmness, success, trustworthiness.

BROWN: Earth and nature, simplicity, seriousness.

GREEN: Harmony, health and healing, nature and animals, money.

ORANGE: Affordability, fun, youth, creativity, celebration.

PURPLE: Fantasy and dreams, justice, royalty.

RED:Excitement, action, adventure, love, passion, food.

WHITE: Simplicity, cleanliness, innocence.

YELLOW: Cheerfulness, playfulness, curiosity, amusement.

Are you a very important person? Sure you are. The reason for this answer is the same to almost everyone in this planet: we like talking about ourselves, we enjoy being listened, we praise our achievements, and we are very much into introspection. Although we are ultimately social beings, most humans are both consciously and subconsciously determined to improve themselves, and to derive meaning to their existence. In this context, we are faced with the everyday challenge of balancing our own needs for fulfilment and recognition with the need to co-relate with others, to promote altruism and to help the people in need. This paradox takes the central stage in the counselling profession – understanding it provides the foundation to apply this article’s key concept: self-disclosure.

Human Behaviour and Effective Counselling

It is undeniable that many people are more interested in themselves than things around the world. People like to talk about themselves (thus listening is such an important part in interpersonal communication), to listen to topics which have relevance to their lives, to participate in groups which could derive benefit for them, and to be part of a system which values them. It is that basic need for belonging that drives people to behave that way.

We also strongly defend our opinions and perspectives. We like to make sure that once we believe in something, we are able to reasonably explain the reason, and possibly prove to the other person that we are correct in our assumptions. Think about it: who likes to be incorrect? So when we talk about ourselves or about issues which are pertinent to our lives, we like to explain each aspect of that topic and by doing so, validate our opinion or experience. Self-denial occurs when we give up that right in order to focus the attention to someone else’s problem, issue or situation. The capacity for self-denial is one of the most important characteristics of a good counsellor.

Curiosity, comfort with conversation, empathy and understanding play a major role in creating a safe environment which allows a client’s emotional expression. Emotional insightfulness, introspection, tolerance of intimacy and comfort with power are characteristics which help the counsellor maintain a clear perspective of the situation and at the same time, not prejudice the relationship by being judgemental or condescending. Energy, flexibility and self-awareness facilitate the counsellor’s drive and focus in the relationship’s objectives and outcomes.

The Word: Self-Disclosure

We’ve briefly discussed some of the underpinnings of human behaviour and the characteristics which define an effective counsellor. The importance of understanding such concepts is that in many occasions, self-disclosure requires counsellors to act in a paradoxical manner – that is, communicate a common message in a tailored way, with a different objective, and an external focus. Self-disclosure can be a challenging technique because it defies our natural ‘self-centred’ dialogue.

Self-Disclosure is defined as “a conscious, intentional technique in which clinicians share information about their lives outside the counseling relationship” (Simone, McCarthy, & Skay, 1998, p.174). The role of this process is to “facilitate client disclosure through modeling and the establishment of trust” (the dyadic effect; Jourard, 1968). In other words, the counsellor discloses information about him/herself in order to establish a connection with the client, thus creating rapport, trust and improving interpersonal communication.

Self-disclosure is a useful strategy used by the majority of counsellors, regardless of theoretical orientation. In many instances this process is almost a requirement to obtain valuable information from a client in order to help them see through a situation. It is often perceived as an ethical and valuable technique.

A Two-Edged Sword

Self-disclosure can be as helpful as it can be damaging if not properly conducted. Why? Primarily because the act of self-disclosure exposes the counsellor and it could undermine the balance of power in the relationship with a client. If the client sees vulnerability in the counsellor, the trust could fall apart. At the same time, this vulnerability could improve the relationship between the two entities by creating more intimacy as the client ‘sees’ the counsellor in the ‘same level’ of him or her. Therefore, the outcomes of using self-disclosure as a strategy to build trust and rapport will depend on the counsellor’s actions and how those actions will reflect from the client’s perspective (based on the client’s personality variables). It is important for counselling professionals to observe these issues and adjust their approach accordingly.

The benefits or advantages or self-disclosure include: helping the client to not feel alone, decreasing client anxiety, improving the client’s awareness to different viewpoints, increasing counsellor genuineness (and are not free of problems), and so forth. Some disadvantages of applying self-disclosure include: moving focus from the client, taking too much counselling time (and thus reducing client disclosure), creating role confusion (who is helping who?), possibly trivialising the client’s issue by implying everyone goes through it, and interfering with transference.

Guidelines for Use of Self-Disclosure

According to Gladding (2006) there are some guidelines which can help counsellors to effectively implement self-disclosure strategies. Such guidelines are basically communication skills which can be used to avoid common pitfalls of this process, such as losing rapport or focus in the situation.

Primarily, the counsellor should be direct, brief, focused and relevant. This will ensure that the self-disclosure process does not lead to time wastage and loss of focus in the client’s situation. Self-disclosure should also not be used frequently (more self-disclosure is not necessarily better) and should not add to the client’s problems and negative outcomes in a situation.

In essence, the purpose of self-disclosure should be clear to both counsellor and client and the process should only be used after considering other options, envisaging that there is a risk of miscommunication and an effect on the balance of power. But as stated before: if used in an effective manner, self-disclosure can be a useful strategy and a common process in the counselling setting.

Case Study: A Briefing of the Technique

A young man wishes to move out of his family home and seeks a counsellor for help. The young man is very distressed by the possible change and the effect that it could have in his parents and his own life. In the counselling setting, he briefly describes his motives for moving out; however, he attests that he does not want to cause emotional strife to his parents. In that context, he asks the counsellor to help him come up with a way to tell his parents without hurting them. A solution to that situation would relieve the young man from his personal anxiety.

The counsellor and the client explored all available options and at the end of the counselling session, the young man is still very emotionally affected by his decision and its possible outcomes. At that point, self-disclosure was used as a strategy to help the client move into a positive frame of reference. The counsellor disclosed that her son left the family only last year, and even though it was a very emotional situation for the family, they understood his decision and moved forward. Nowadays they regularly meet and have a very positive relationship. At the end of the counselling relationship, the client felt comfortable with the knowledge that a similar situation had ended with a positive outcome, and was able to move forward with his decision without distress.

This example showed the effective use of self-disclosure and how this technique can be beneficial to clients. It was observable that in that scenario, the following benefits were achieved: helping the client to not feel alone, decreasing client anxiety and increasing counsellor genuineness.

References

Gladding, S.T. (2006). Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Jourard, S.M. (1968). Disclosing Man to Himself. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand.

Simone, D. H., McCarthy, P., & Skay, C. (1998). An investigation of client and counselor variables that influence likelihood of counselor self-disclosure. Journal of Counseling and Development. 76: 174-182.

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